Article 25

1.Taking into account the state of the art, the cost of implementation and the nature, scope, context and purposes of processing as well as the risks of varying likelihood and severity for the rights and freedoms of natural persons posed by the processing, the controller shall, both at the time of the determination of the means for processing and at the time of the processing itself, implement appropriate technical and organisational measures, such as pseudonymisation, which are designed to implement data-protection principles, such as data minimisation, in an effective manner and to integrate the necessary safeguards into the processing in order to meet the requirements of this Regulation and protect the rights of data subjects. In doing so, particular attention shall be paid to the protection of the rights of children.

2.The controller shall implement appropriate technical and organisational measures for ensuring that, by default, only personal data which are necessary for each specific purpose of the processing are processed. That obligation applies to the amount of personal data collected, the extent of their processing, the period of their storage and their accessibility. In particular, such measures shall ensure that by default personal data are not made accessible without the individual’s intervention to an indefinite number of natural persons. The default settings shall take into account, in particular, the vulnerability of children.

3a.Where personal data processing under paragraph 2 is carried out exclusively by means of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies certified pursuant to paragraph 4, the data controller shall benefit from a rebuttable presumption of compliance with the data minimisation principle under Article 5(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 in respect of that processing. All other obligations under Regulation (EU) 2016/679 shall continue to apply.

3b.The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts recognising Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs) and establishing the technical standards and criteria for Privacy-Enhancing Technologies eligible for certification under paragraph 3, following the governance model established in Article 41a of Regulation (EU) 2016/679. Those delegated acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure and following consultation with relevant authorities as appropriate. Standards shall include benchmarks to prevent misuse of PET certification for data practices that do not genuinely meet minimum privacy thresholds.

In the case of processing carried out in the course of providing information society services which are likely to be accessed by children, when assessing what are appropriate technical and organisational measures in accordance with paragraph 1, the controller must take into account the children’s higher protection matters. The children’s higher protection matters are:

(a)how children can best be protected and supported when using the services, and;

(b)the fact that children:

(i)merit specific protection with regard to their personal data because they may be less aware of the risks and consequences associated with processing of personal data and of their rights in relation to such processing; and

(ii)have different needs at different ages and at different stages of development.

This paragraph is not to be read as implying anything about the matters that may be relevant to the assessment of what are appropriate technical and organisational measures for the purposes of paragraph 1 and 2 in cases other than those described in this paragraph. In this paragraph ‘information society services’ does not include preventive or counselling services."